Sei marobhoti aipenya akasarudza mavara matatu ered, yero uye yegirinhi?

Chiedza chitsvuku chinonzi "mira", mwenje wegirini uchiti "enda", uye mwenje weyero wakabatidzwa "enda nekukurumidza". Iyi ndiyo nzira yetraffic yatagara tichiyeuka kubva paudiki, asi unoziva here kuti neitraffic inopenya chiedzaanosarudza tsvuku, yero, uye girini panzvimbo pemamwe mavara?

Ruvara rwemarambi etrafiki anopenya

Isu tinoziva kuti mwenje unooneka imhando yemafungu emagetsi, inova chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi anogona kuonekwa neziso remunhu. Nokuda kwesimba rimwe chetero, kureba kwewavelength, kashoma kuti ripararire, uye kureba kwarinofamba. Iwo mafungu emagetsi emagetsi anogona kuonekwa nemaziso evanhuwo zvake ari pakati pe400 ne760 nanometers, uye mafungu emwenje emagetsi akasiyana zvakare akasiyana. Pakati pavo, wavelength yemwenje tsvuku ndeye 760 ~ 622 nanometers; kureba kwewavelength yeyero chiedza i597 ~ 577 nanometers; kureba kwemasaisai echiedza chegirinhi i577~492 nanometers. Naizvozvo, ringave riri robhoti redenderedzwa kana kuti robhoti romuseve, marambi anopenya emotokari acharongwa munhevedzano yezvitsvuku, yeyero, uye girini. Kumusoro kana kuruboshwe kunofanirwa kunge kuri mwenje mutsvuku, nepo yero iri pakati. Pane chikonzero chegadziriro iyi - kana magetsi asina kugadzikana kana zuva rakanyanyisa, kurongeka kwakagadziriswa kwezviedza zvechiratidzo zviri nyore kuti mutyairi aone, kuitira kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengeteka kwekutyaira.

Nhoroondo yemarobhoti anopenya marambi

Marobhoti ekutanga anopenya akagadzirirwa zvitima kwete mota. Nekuti tsvuku ine wavelength yakarebesa pane inooneka spectrum, inogona kuonekwa kure kupfuura mamwe mavara. Naizvozvo, inoshandiswa sechiedza chetraffic chiratidzo chezvitima. Panguva imwe cheteyo, nemhaka yezvimiro zvayo zvinokwezva meso, tsika dzakawanda dzinorangarira chitsvuku sechiratidzo chenyevero yengozi.

Green ndiyo yechipiri chete kune yero mune inooneka spectrum, zvichiita kuti ive ruvara rwuri nyore kuona. Mumarambi echitima ekutanga, girini pakutanga yaimiririra "yambiro", nepo isina ruvara kana chena yaimiririra "traffic yese".

Zvinoenderana ne "Railway Signals", iwo ekutanga mamwe mavara emarambi echitima mwenje aive machena, girini uye matsvuku. Raiti regirini rairatidza nyevero, raiti jena rakaratidza kuti kwainge kwakachengeteka, robhoti dzvuku richiratidza kuti mira umirire sezvazviri iye zvino. Zvisinei, mukushandiswa kwechokwadi, zviedza zvemavara zvemavara usiku zvinonyatsojeka zvinopesana nezvivako zvitema, nepo zviedza zvichena zvinogona kubatanidzwa nechero chinhu. Semuenzaniso, mwedzi wakajairika, mwenje, uye kunyange machena machena anogona kubatanidzwa nayo. Panyaya iyi, mutyairi angangokonzera tsaona nekuti haakwanise kusiyanisa zvakajeka.

Nguva yekugadzirwa kweyero chiratidzo mwenje yanonoka, uye mugadziri wayo ndiChinese Hu Ruding. Marobhoti ekutanga aive nemavara maviri chete, tsvuku negirinhi. Apo Hu Ruding akanga achidzidza muUnited States mumakore ake okutanga, akanga achifamba mumugwagwa. Raiti regreen paakabatidzwa,ave kuda kuenderera mberi pakabva papfuura imwe mota yaitenderera ichimuvhundutsa. Mudikita rinotonhora. Nokudaro, akauya nepfungwa yekushandisa chiedza cheyero chechiratidzo, ndiko kuti, yero-inooneka yero ine wavelength inooneka yechipiri kusvika kune yakatsvuka, uye gara munzvimbo ye "yambiro" yekuyeuchidza vanhu nezvengozi.

Muna 1968, Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose “Chibvumirano cheMugwagwa uye Zviratidzo neZviratidzo zveMugwagwa” chakataura zvinorehwa nemarambi akasiyana-siyana. Pakati pavo, iyo yero chiratidzo chechiedza chinoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekunyevera. Mota dzakatarisana nechiedza cheyero haigoni kuyambuka mutsara wekumira, asi kana motokari iri pedyo zvikuru nemutsara wekumira uye haigoni kumira zvakanaka munguva, inogona kupinda mumugwagwa uye kumirira. Kubva ipapo, mutemo uyu wakashandiswa pasi rese.

Iri pamusoro ndiro ruvara uye nhoroondo yemigwagwa inopenya marambi, kana iwe uchifarira traffic inopenya mwenje, unogamuchirwa kuti ubatetraffic inopenya chiedza mugadziriQixiang toverenga zvimwe.