Sei marambi emotokari akasarudza mavara matatu eruvara rutsvuku, yero negirini?

Mwenje mutsvuku unoti "mira", mwenje wegirini unoti "enda", uye mwenje yeyero unobatidzwa unoti "enda nekukurumidza". Iyi inzira yekufambisa yatagara tichiyeuka kubvira paudiki, asi unoziva here kuti seimwenje unopenya wemotokariinosarudza tsvuku, yero, uye girini panzvimbo pemamwe mavara?

Ruvara rwemwenje inopenya yemotokari

Tinoziva kuti chiedza chinoonekwa imhando yemafungu emagetsi, inova chikamu che electromagnetic spectrum inogona kuonekwa neziso remunhu. Nesimba rimwe chetero, kureba kwewavelength, mukana wekuti chipararire zvishoma, uye kufamba kwaro kure. Mafungu emafungu emagetsi anogona kuonekwa nemaziso evanhuwo zvavo ari pakati pe 400 ne 760 nanometers, uye mafungu echiedza ane ma frequency akasiyana akasiyanawo. Pakati pawo, wavelength yechiedza chitsvuku i 760 ~ 622 nanometers; wavelength yechiedza cheyero i 597 ~ 577 nanometers; wavelength yechiedza chegirini i 577 ~ 492 nanometers. Saka, ingave iri rambi remudhudhudhu rakatenderera kana rambi remuseve, mwenje inopenya yemudhudhudhu icharongwa nenzira yetsvuku, yero, uye yegirini. Kumusoro kana kuruboshwe kunofanira kunge kuri rambi dzvuku, ukuwo rambi reyero riri pakati. Pane chikonzero chekurongeka uku - kana magetsi asina kugadzikana kana kuti zuva rakasimba zvakanyanya, kurongeka kwakasimba kwemwenje yechiratidzo kuri nyore kuti mutyairi azive, kuitira kuti kutyaira kuve kwakachengeteka.

Nhoroondo yemwenje inopenya yemotokari

Mwenje yekutanga yemotokari yaishandiswa kugadzira zvitima kwete mota. Nekuti tsvuku ine urefu hwakareba hwemafungu mu spectrum inoonekwa, inogona kuonekwa kure kupfuura mamwe mavara. Nokudaro, inoshandiswa semwenje wezvitima. Panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hunokwezva maziso, tsika dzakawanda dzinoona tsvuku sechiratidzo chekunyevera nezvengozi.

Girini rinongotevera yeyero chete mumavara anoonekwa, zvichiita kuti rive ruvara rwuri nyore kuona. Mumwenje yechitima yekutanga, girini pakutanga yaimiririra "nyevero", ukuwo isina ruvara kana chena yaimiririra "traffic yese".

Sekureva kwe "Railway Signals", mavara ekutanga emwenje yezviratidzo zvechitima aive machena, girini netsvuku. Mwenje wegirini wairatidza yambiro, mwenje muchena wairatidza kuti waive wakachengeteka kuenda, uye mwenje mutsvuku wairatidza kuti wamira womirira, sezvazviri ikozvino. Zvisinei, pakushandiswa chaiko, mwenje yezviratidzo ine mavara husiku inoonekwa zvakanyanya pazvivakwa zvitema, nepo mwenje muchena uchigona kubatanidzwa nechero chinhu. Semuenzaniso, mwedzi wakajairika, marambi, uye kunyange mwenje muchena zvinogona kubatanidzwa nazvo. Muchiitiko ichi, mutyairi anogona kukonzera tsaona nekuti haakwanise kusiyanisa zvakajeka.

Nguva yekugadzira rambi reyero yanonoka, uye muvambi waro ndiHu Ruding wekuChina. Marambi ekutanga emotokari aiva nemavara maviri chete, matsvuku negirini. Hu Ruding paaidzidza muUnited States achiri mudiki, aifamba mumugwagwa. Rambi regirini parakabatidzwa, akanga ava kuda kuenderera mberi apo mota yaitenderera yaipfuura nepaari, ichimuvhundutsa kuti abude mumotokari. Nekudikitira. Saka, akauya nepfungwa yekushandisa rambi reyero, kureva kuti, yero rinoonekwa zvakanyanya rine urefu hwemafungu hunoonekwa, riri pasi petsvuku chete, uye kugara munzvimbo ye "nyevero" kuyeuchidza vanhu nezvenjodzi.

Muna 1968, "Chibvumirano pamusoro peMotokari neZviratidzo zveMugwagwa" cheSangano reMubatanidzwa weNyika (UN) chakatsanangura zvinoreva mwenje dzakasiyana-siyana dzinopenya mumigwagwa. Pakati padzo, mwenje weyero unoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekunyevera. Mota dzakatarisana nemwenje yeyero hadzigone kuyambuka mutsetse wekumira, asi kana mota iri pedyo nemutsetse wekumira uye isingakwanise kumira zvakachengeteka nenguva, inogona kupinda pamharadzano yemigwagwa yomirira. Kubva ipapo, mutemo uyu wave uchishandiswa pasi rese.

Zviri pamusoro apa ruvara nenhoroondo yemwenje inopenya yemumugwagwa, kana uchifarira mwenje inopenya yemumugwagwa, tinokugamuchirai kuti mutaure nesu.mugadziri wemwenje wekufambisa trafficQixiang toverenga zvakawanda.